Operational Amplifier ICs (Op-Amp ICs) are usable for amplifying weaker voltages and currents. For example, the output of a signal generator with is a current of 10 micro-amps with 3 volts oscillation, but our circuit needs a 3 volts signal with a 3 milli-amps current. With using an operational amplifier, we provide the required current…
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In general, a transistor amplifier is a circuit for amplifying an analog signal or a digital data carrier signal. For example, the output audio signal of a microphone is very weak and the audio oscillation is in a very low voltage range. With a transistor audio amplifier, its output can be increased to the standard…
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This article first deals with simple definitions related to electric and magnetic fields, then enters the subject of the combination of these two fields, which is called electromagnetism and electromagnetic field. This article is a continuation of the basic electronics article. ***””Electronics, Programming and Arduino projects, including the source codes, schematics and PCB plans for…
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In the previous articles, I introduced the capacitor and its calculations. This article is about some examples of capacitor applications and how to use it in the circuit design. Circuits are generally divided into three categories: digital, analog or combined. The role of capacitors in each of these circuits is different, but the function of…
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You must have realized what electronic circuit means during your life. In general, we can have this definition of an electronic circuit: A set of parts which their pins are connected in a special way with a conductive material (such as copper) to each other and they are supposed to make changes to the incoming…
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A transistor is a three-pin electronic component which its main function is to pass the current from two pins according to the other pin (along with current amplification). Transistors have different types, but we are going to examine the bipolar type here. The two pins which the current passes are called the emitter (E) and…
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In most of the books about the use of capacitors, it is written in such a way that the capacitor stores electric charge in itself and discharges it when necessary. What we need to know is when should the capacitors be charged and when should they be discharged and how is this possible? Therefore, first…
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Diode is another electronic component that has two pins. These two pins (bases/legs) are called cathode (negative) and anode (positive). The cathode pin is usually shorter or closer to the white (or black) ring on the body of the diode. The diode is shown on the schematics map with the D letter, and its applications…
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Resistor prevents additional voltage or current from entering the part in the circuit. The maximum allowed voltage or current of each part may be different from another part, if it exceeds, It will cause the overheat and the material of that part combines with oxygen and in the other words, the part burns. The resistor…
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All parts that have conductive ends/bases/pins and make changes on the input electric current, are called electronic parts. You see many electronic components every day and now you have decided to learn how to work with them. If you have more advanced parts, it means that you have access to higher technology. If you have…
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